After testing dozens of NVMe drives across Gen 3, Gen 4, and Gen 5 platforms, I've learned that cooling requirements vary dramatically based on drive generation and workload intensity. Gen 4 drives pushing 7,000 MB/s can throttle by 80% without proper thermal management, while many Gen 3 drives run perfectly fine with zero cooling. Understanding when heat sinks actually matter—versus when they're unnecessary marketing—comes down to knowing how drives generate heat, where throttling thresholds lie, and matching solutions to your specific hardware and usage patterns.